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AGUIRRE LIZAOLA, Avelino – Basque popular song ‘Zortziko a Bilbao’ (‘La del pañuelo rojo’) – TWO VIOLINS

Other Identification:
Zortzico a Bilbao, better known as “La del Pañuelo Rojo” (in English, roughly ‘that of the Red Scarf’), is a composition by Avelino Aguirre Lizaola (born in Bilbao, Basque Country in 1838 – died in Mendoza, Argentina, 1901) made for voice and piano around 1864, with lyrics by Mario Halka. We suppose the composition date by the first edition of ‘Zortzico a Bilbao’, which was published around 1864. It seemed to gain immediate popularity. A few years later, in 1870, the editors G. Brandus and S. Dufourse published “Le zorzico de Bilbao” in Paris, using a French translation by Louis Palianti.

In the following generation the baritone Ignacio Tabuyo (Rentería, Guipúzcoa, 1863 – San Sebastián, 1947) made numerous editions of ‘Zortzico to Bilbao’ in his name, therefore confusing people to believe that he was, in fact, the author. However, this was dismounted in his own homages at the end of his life, in 1946, when he publicly stated: “I have not composed “La del Pañuelo Rojo”. I have contributed to its popularity…”

Movements or sections: TERNARY FORM
A few original harmonies have been lightly changed, along with a fast-flowing accompanying part in the central episode. Generally, the first part is melodically prominent in the outer sections in the D minor key, whilst the central major section is more confided to the second voice. However, as a chamber music duo both parts can be considered of almost equal importance.

Instrumentation: DUO OF TWO VIOLINS
Arranged by David Johnstone

All the music (set as a ‘Playing Score’) is contained in 1 PDF.

Approximate difficulty:
The version for two violins by David Johnstone is of moderate-to-difficult level. It ventures into the higher registers of the instrument, and very frequent double-stoppings often give the impression that we are hearing three voices! Also, thinking of being of interest to twenty-first century musicians Johnstone has equally conceived this as a concert piece to that of a song.

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